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tial). The education conception of valuable
academic discipline is built by taking into ac-
count all these particularities”.
As in another subjects studying, foreign
languages teaching follows the practical, edu-
cational, bringing up and developmental goals.
The goals mean planned results of studying
foreign languages by the student.
The practical goal in teaching is acquir-
ing foreign language as a communication tool,
ability to use it both in oral and in writing
forms, that is understanding speech (listening),
in own expressions (speaking), in reading and
writing according the grades and years of
study.
Bringing up goal in teaching – foreign
language study helps the personal education,
the aim of which is growing up the personal-
ity. Through teaching upbringing of the main
moral features such as patriotism, internation-
alism, humanism is provided.
Educational goal in teaching – foreign
language study is connected with ear, vision,
moving and motor analyzers. It influences
greatly on memory development because a
student has to learn words and expressions by
heart, as well as patterns and statements struc-
tures and their use in conversation. Learning a
foreign language in a place where people do
not speak this language, demands using stu-
dents, that makes it possible to create imagina-
tive and special learning situations alongside
with real ones.
Foreign language learning plays a big
part in expanding student’s outlook and in-
creasing his common culture. Being close to
the language – is being close to culture and
spiritual life of the nation that has created it.
Developmental goal in teaching – for
more effective development during studying
of any subject, including foreign languages,
we have to create special direction and include
students “in such kinds of activities which de-
velop sensor perception, movement, intellec-
tual, volitional, emotional and motional
spheres” [4].
Complex aims solution of active per-
sonality education depends upon the level of
skills and abilities modern methodic can pro-
vide. There are 4 main groups of skills and
abilities: Educational and organizational, edu-
cational and intellectual, educational and in-
formational, educational and communicative.
One of the main problems in foreign
language learning is motivation decreasing.
Researchers of the motivation issue provide
information about its decreasing from grade to
grade [5]. At the beginning students show an
active interest in studying this subject moti-
vated by newness and specific of the subject,
on the middle stage additional motivation
should be found, as students interest to the
language lows due to specific age and social
reasons. In this period level of knowledge and
individual abilities in overcoming difficulties
in FL learning are becoming clearly defined.
Investigations have shown that one of the
main reasons of loosing the interest to learning
FL is the absence of natural need and real op-
portunity to use it.
One of the organizational moments to
keep communicational motivation is relevant
use of collective work forms in foreign lan-
guage classrooms.
To raise the interest of students in lan-
guage “building materials” time gap on work-
ing over language material and its use in
speech should be minimized. Efficient work
methods with language could become stu-
dents’ property. So, the methods of making
statement program and its advantages ought to
be told to students. Named methods of motiva-
tion rising are mainly depend on a teacher.
Could a teacher arouse the power that will
bring to education, they will become a moving
power during education process [6].
Using different ideas in organization of
foreign language education allows making an
educational process according to the principals
of education and individualization differentia-
tion.
Using differentiation courses of foreign
language study gives the opportunity to stu-
dents to choose education form by a subject.
Owing to variation in educational process on
FL the course is enriched by different support
with literary, cross-cultural and other focuses.
Deep learning of the subject plays a big role.
For this purpose the traditional, thematic with
one or another dominant in the content and
integration lessons (courses) is used.
Integration introduction to the FL edu-
cational process (in this case English) with
other subjects is directed first of all at enrich-
ing educational process itself in the middle of
which is a student, his development, and feel-
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ing comfortable at the lesson. The main pur-
pose of the English language integration with
other school subjects is the increasing of lan-
guage competence of students. The integration
with many subjects such as history, biology,
computer science, music, nature study and
others is considered.
The opportunity of FL integration with
native language is noticed in the methodic sci-
ence [7]; Teaching of Foreign languages:
search for new ideas [8]; its Methodic prob-
lems in teaching subjects of language course
[9]. The idea itself is innovative but is little
explored. Integration is considered in the
works of E.N. Shepel [10]. The questions dis-
cussed in the integration courses touch differ-
ent scientific fields, for example “Ecology +
foreign language”. It is well known that ecol-
ogy is a science studying relationship of or-
ganisms with each other and with the envi-
ronment [11].
Integrative relationship of environment
and English language allows students form the
whole performance about the nature around
them and its development in the time space,
about the environment problems, human being
and its place on the earth. Integrative course
supposes acquaintance with surrounding real-
ity, factors influenced on the human develop-
ment and its nature as well. The main purpose
of this course is the formation of students’
communicative competence in the field of
daily communication on the base of studying
foreign language on the high level.
It is supposed to solve the next tasks: to
realize the interest to the subject “Ecology” by
means of English language; widen students’
knowledge about surrounding world; to im-
prove linguistic knowledge on all kinds of
speech activity; to form skills of translation
into Russian and English languages; to solve
different communicative tasks for achieving
mutual understanding in the communication
process.
The "Ecology and Foreign Language"
integrated course can help solve some prob-
lems by establishing contacts with students -
members of ecological clubs, and environment
protecting associations from different regions
of the country and international associations.
Environment security movement is becoming
widespread and children play the most impor-
tant role in it. Foreign Language helps to es-
tablish communication and exchange of ex-
perience.
Carrying out the analysis of education-
methodological course-complex for secondary
school in German language (I.L. Bim, etc.)
opens that its contents promotes to bring up
human attitude to everything alive and the na-
ture itself. There are recommendations on the
use of region studies materials and interesting
works with them.
In his article, "Teaching Ecological Cul-
ture by Means of a Foreign Language" L.J.
Zenya writes that educational-methodical
analysis was held only with two foreign lan-
guages, but "the things are almost similar in
all foreign languages"[12].
Ecological problems elaboration de-
pends on degree of study in education-
methodological course; if there are only sepa-
rate elements in initial stage, then they are
more serious in higher stages, and thus it leads
to solving practical educational and upbring-
ing issues solution on a higher level.
In the primary level it involves famili-
arization with words, that is formation of the
vocabulary (names of animals, natural phe-
nomena, etc.). Foreign language from the first
years of studying is to instill children’s love to
nature, and desire to help animals and birds.
The effectiveness of environmental
education through any academic subject, and
FL, is in direct proportion to the educational
activities of students not only in required
classes but also in various kinds of extracur-
ricular work: circles, electives, and clubs.
Considering the idea of integration of aca-
demic subjects, it is desirable to create an in-
tegrated course "Ecology + FL", which can be
recommended for students who are interested
in FL and want to strengthen, deepen and
broaden their knowledge on the subject. This
course can be designed for 2-3 years, or could
start act the electives, or taught in classes with
intensive study of FL, as a matter of choice.
Integrated course "Ecology + FL" im-
plies a higher level of speech activity by ex-
panding the practice of oral speech and read-
ing, by improving writing skills (through cor-
respondence with the young environmentalists
in foreign-language countries), or due going
out in the practice of joint international envi-
ronmental actions. Success of the West Ger-
man "The Greens" has contributed to the es-
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tablishment of similar parties or associations
in many countries in Europe. Students need to
know about the state of affairs in this area, the
existing international movements, work being
done to protect the environment in their re-
gions. These information students get from
radio and TV programs, newspapers and
magazines not only in their native language,
but also in foreign. Young environmentalists
from different countries could be acquainted
with the help of the press, and talk about their
"green" actions undertaken in order to protect
nature. Real activity, which has a clear per-
sonal sense and is beneficial to society, would
advance the development of independent cog-
nitive activity of pupils, their activity, as learn-
ing subjects, and in mastering FL. This is a
real manifestation of the activity approach to
the study of Linguistics, where the activities of
his mastery are included in other activities,
and involve active accumulation of both lin-
guistic and extra linguistic information [12].
Studies show that the activity of stu-
dents in learning FL in current conditions is
insignificant. One reason, according to stu-
dents, is their non-systematic work on the lan-
guage, the reluctance to be engaged in because
of the uncertainty in having acquired the lan-
guage, and because of the lack of real commu-
nication situations. Teacher needs to reflect on
the effectiveness of each lesson and the effec-
tiveness of language acquisition, the ability to
use L practically. Certain possibilities in this
regard could have an integrated course "Ecol-
ogy and Foreign Language”. It allows us to
relate the FL activity with other activities:
teaching, working, playing. Cognitive and en-
vironmental issues make it easy to carry it out:
during the tours, expeditions, individual and
group observation of nature, including trips to
their native surroundings and staying in rest
camps. Diaries, registration papers, albums,
and their discussion, making a herbarium,
crafts, holding a photo contest fulfillment of
sketches, a favorite corner of nature, construc-
tion of the school yard, work on school
grounds, planting area can also serve as a sub-
ject of discussion in FL.
This kind of creative collective activi-
ties suit the age and psychological characteris-
tics of children at this age. They can be con-
sidered as "the dominant activity-related idea."
(IL Bim) to build a course that would be a
strong motivator and inspiration to achieve
higher levels of mastery of FL, for "students"
actually will feel that they really need to ac-
quire practice language skills, and this really
helps them to meet their cultural, professional
and social aspirations."[6]
In this situation the way out beyond tra-
ditional lessons is obvious, and the forms are
more various: lesson-interview, lesson-tour,
lesson - exhibition, lesson demonstrating
crafts, lesson-debate, role-playing and busi-
ness games, etc.. This would stimulate activity
in a Foreign Language lesson significantly.
It should be noted that in the complex of
tasks which the integrated course could solve,
of particular importance is the priority of the
bringing up goal, namely, teaching environ-
mental culture, which we consider "as a dy-
namic unity of environmental knowledge,
positive attitude to this knowledge (environ-
mental attitudes, values) and real human activ-
ity in the environment" [13].
To prepare a generation of high eco-
logical culture - one of the up-to-date chal-
lenges our society faces, and therefore creation
of an integrated course "Ecology + FL" lets
make a certain contribution to solving this
problem and provides an opportunity to de-
velop such a course of in-depth study of FL,
which would have interesting content for stu-
dents, creating opportunities for actual use of
language in communicating with like-minded
people in the country, and open access to an
international level and its inclusion in the in-
ternational children's movements.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Gerald Durrell. Two in the Bush. Moscow:
Mir, 1968
2. Environmental Culture Upbringing / / Col-
lection of Materials on Environmental Edu-
cation and Education of Students. Compiled
by: TI Korzyuk, T.Bondarenko, E.I. Litvi-
nova, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2002, p.3.
3. I.L. Bim. Methods of Teaching Foreign
Languages as a Science and Textbook Prob-
lems”. M., 1977.
4. Pedagogy. Under the editorship J.K. Baban-
skiy. - M., 1988. - p. 344
5. G.V. Rogov, Z.N. Nikitenko Some Reasons
for Declining Interest in the Subject "For-
eign Language" at School / Foreign Lan-
guages at School. M., 1982, № 2.
ВОПРОСЫ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВ
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6. G.V. Rogov, F.N. Rabinovich, T.E. Sak-
harov. Methods of Teaching Foreign Lan-
guages in High School. - M., "Education",
1991
7. I.L. Bim, Creativity of Teachers and Didac-
tics Science / / Languages at School. – M.,
1988., № 4 p. 8
8. I.L. Bim, Foreign Language Learning:
Search for New Ideas / M., Foreign Lan-
guages in School-1989-№ 1, p.19
9. I.L. Bim. Methodological Problems of
Teaching Subjects of Language Loop, M.,
1989 - № 3, p.73
10. E.N. Shepel. Integrated Curriculum and
Teaching a Foreign Language / Foreign
Language at School, M., 1990 - № 1, p.8
11. N.I. Nikolaykin, N.E. Nikolaykin, O.P.
Melehova, Ecology. M., "Bustard", 2004-
p.6
12. L.J. Zenya. Teaching Ecological Culture
by Means of a Foreign Language" // For-
eign Languages at School. - M., 1990, № 4,
p.30.
13. I.T. Suravegina. The Role of Relationship
Science and Ethical Knowledge in the For-
mation of Ecological Culture School: Prob-
lems of Environmental Education in Secon-
dary School. -Tallinn, 1980. - p. 28
УДК 811.111: 37
ON TEACHING ADULT ENGLISH LEARNERS
Assylbayeva A.
Social and economic changes in our so-
ciety brought along the necessity of constant
and continual education of an adult person. In
modern conditions, knowledge obtained at
school or university is not enough for success-
ful career advancement. Within the lifetime
period, it is necessary for a person to enlarge
his knowledge, raise his educational level.
Nowadays a person can do nothing without the
English language due to the close economic
relations of our country with foreign countries.
Transition to market economy raised the situa-
tion when many people have to acquire new
knowledge, skills and experience. This situa-
tion is especially troublesome for adults.
The group who suffered most from the
unfavorable socio-political situation was the
middle-aged group. This group also does not
want to "give up." They want to tune in to the
times of change and learn English, which in
many cases they now need for their career.
Their younger colleagues, people who gradu-
ated from universities just several years ago
when the educational institutions had not yet
started to see foreign language learning as a
priority, also have a lot to catch up with. They
did learn some English, but one could hardly
call them fluent speakers of the language. So
they too take up English courses. However,
such people need special methods of teaching
English.
First, it is important to determine an
adult person. There are many definitions to
adulthood. Y. Kulyutkin, a famous androlo-
gist, defines an adult person in the following
way: “An adult person is a socially formed
person, able to make his own decisions ac-
cording to the norms and demands of the soci-
ety. It is a person who leads a great variety of
lives: production, social, private… He makes
decisions by himself and controls his behav-
ior” [4].
An adult person has a high level of self-
comprehension: he perceives himself as a self-
managed and independent person in economic,
judicial and psychological spheres. An impor-
tant distinguishing feature of an adult person is
a great volume of life experience: household,
professional and social.
Thus according to the key concepts, S.
Zmeyev, another famous andrologist, gives the
following definition to “an adult person”: an
adult person is a person who possesses physio-
logical, psychological, social and moral matur-
ity, economic independence, life experience
and the level of self-awareness enough for a
responsible self-controlled behavior. [2] He
states that an adult learner is determined as a
person who has five basic characteristics,
which differ him from “non-adult” learners:
1. He realizes himself to be an inde-
pendent self-controlled person;
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2. He accumulates great life experience
(household, professional and social)
3. His motivation is explained by his
wish to tackle his life and professional aims
and reach concrete objectives with the help of
educational activities;
4. He strives for quick implementation
of his knowledge and skills;
5. His educational activity is determined
by time, professional, household, professional
and social factors.
In common, these factors influence the
whole process of learning and demand quite
different organization of the learning process.
Due to the definitions of an adult per-
son, it is necessary to rely on these characteris-
tics that are to expect him to treat the process
of learning in a responsible and conscious
way. Moreover, as an adult person does real
work, his interest in studying will be con-
nected with the basic professional activities
and other social roles. That is why an adult
person will pursue concrete practical and real
aims. It is also quite clear, if an adult person
ventures educational activities, so it means he
has a great motivation in it. With the help of
studying adults want to tackle some life and
professional problems, e.g. communication
with colleagues from foreign countries, busi-
ness trips or reading professional literature.
Furthermore, an adult person wants to practice
the knowledge, skills obtained in the process
of studying in the shortest period of time.
If an adult person treats his studying re-
sponsibly, first he assesses his real possibili-
ties and abilities.
What are the possibilities and abilities
of adults to studying? Can they study well?
These are quite important and difficult ques-
tions. It depends on physiological, social and
other factors that influence the learning proc-
ess of an adult person.
Naturally, with age some physiological
functions of human body connected with the
process of learning weaken a bit (eyesight,
memory, thinking processes). But, first, these
negative phenomena appear after 50. Second,
at the same time some positive characteristics
come: life experience, thoroughness, ratiocina-
tion, inclination for analysis, etc. [5]
The researches in the sphere of psy-
chology showed that the learning potential of
adults from 20 to 60 does not change essen-
tially. And the teacher’s task is to take into
account all age-dependent psychophysiologi-
cal features of adults while organizing the
teaching English process.
An adult learner is short of time because
of his family and work duties, so he has little
time left for studying. However, the main dif-
ficulties of an adult learner at the process of
learning are of psychological character [1].
Why does it happen? Why do adults
start their studying with mixed feelings of
hope, expectations and anxiety, and even fear?
Because, on the one hand, striving for a
needful aim they really want to achieve it and
change for better their life, work, position in
the society, but on the other hand, they have
fear of taken responsibility for their study.
Adults are anxious about their abilities to
learning, to reveal their incompetence in the
given field, to lose in comparison with other
learners. Some adult people feel discomfort at
the idea of coming back to school, desks,
studying.
To help adults to overcome their fear of
studying, it is necessary for a teacher to know
adults’ way of thinking when they enter the
language courses classroom, and therefore to
organize the process of teaching in a correct
way.
P. Davies and M. Rinvolucri look at the
problem of anxiety by examining the class-
room environment and explaining circum-
stances in which adult learners may feel inse-
cure [6]. Some classroom situations make stu-
dents feel that they are constantly being
judged, they are isolated, and they lack con-
trol. Often teachers neglect the atmosphere in
the group and the behaviour of classmates lie
at the root of such feelings of insecurity.
Teachers may not realize that they are
often judgmental to their students in the class-
room. They may show approval or disapproval
verbally as well as by their body language.
There are cases when teachers openly mocked
their students or praised them without smiling
or making eye contact, thus making their posi-
tive reinforcement seem insincere.
A powerful manifestation of a teacher’s
judgment is error correction. Whether the
teacher corrects the error explicitly, by provid-
ing the correction, or implicitly, by indicating
the kind of error and giving the student the
opportunity for self-correction, can make a
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